Type-writing machine.



-1 Fl ALLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I2. I9I3.

Patent-ed Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET I.

TLULWCZU@ Y I F. ALLARD.

TYPE WIIITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APH, l2,

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEETSWSIIEEI 2.

J F. ALLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mw APR. v2, 1913.

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEEYSSHEET 3.

1 P. ALLARD,

TYPE wRTrNG MAGNUM.

APPLICTON HLED APR. ,2` V3I-3.

Patented Jim. '3, IJlf.

4 SHEETSHSHEU 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J FRANK ALLARD, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD TYPE-WRITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

Application filed April 12, 1913.

lie it known that I. J lfimxn Amann. a citizen ol the United States.residingy in Brooklyn. in the county ot' kings and State otl New York.have invented eertain new and useful Improvements in 'I`ype\Vritingi\fiarhines. ot whieh the following a speeiiication.

This inventirn relates primarily to typewritingr machines constructed towrite in languages such as Korean. (hinese. .lapanese. ete.. in whichindependently printed charactersare grouped side by side and one aboveanother. tor the purpose ot making units or logogran'is.

'l`he machine shown in the drawings is constructed to write Koreanlanguage; but eertain i'eaturcs et the invention can be used in writingother agglutinate languages. Korean lint` oi' writing extends trom topt0 bottom of the page; and it is one ot the objef'ts ot' the presentinvention to write such language without the, necessity of a complicatedmechanism. and particularly to adapt a machine ot ordinary constructionto write such language.

ln writingv Korean aceordiingr to the present invention. the work-sheetis placed in a typewritinpr machine side first. with its top edge at thelet't, and its bottom edge at the right.. 'i'he eliaraeters are placedcumbent or crosswise upon the type-bars with the tops ot' the charactersat the lett, so that the impress-hns made thereby upon the worksheet arein cumbent positions. The paper marriage may be eaused to havestepby-step or letterl'eediirLy nwvements from right to lrf' and when aline ol" writing is eonr pulir/l. the sheety may be removed, and may laL:ni-ned ai wel and read from top to botttm in the manner customanv withthe Korean nation, White the paper is in the machine. it may beline-spaeed by advancing the platen in the manner usnal in writingfEnglish on typewriting machines. and hence several lines may be writtenou the sheet. all ot which will appear in proper sequence from right toleft. when the worlesheet is removed and turned around so as to read thewriting from top to bottom.

l also aim to overcome the ditr'ieulty en countered in constructingr amachine to carry out the above method of operation. whirh is oeeasionedhv the necessity of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

Serial No. 760,617.

grouping;r seve al Korean or other agglutinate characters or syllablesor sections together; the ditiieulty oeeurring because of the necessityof having the types placed sidewise on the bars. and yet ,occupying butlittle room in the type basket.

In writing Korean down a page, characters are grouped one under another.as many as four characters. syllables or seetions sometimes being placedone under another in a single complete grouping?r or iogograin. Now whenthe workfsheet is turned quartenway around. so as to write the line inthe manner above specified. it follows that owing to the nece ity ofproviding seetional or 'syllabie types that will print in the requireddifferent positions in the several groups, the types must be of unduewidth, that is. ot a width inconsistent with the necessary closearrangement of the types in the type basket. Sometimes the severalsyllabi(l characters or sections when grouped together on a printedsheet. form a single grouping or logogram which may be twice as high asit is wide. Hence in the type basket. the several types by which saidlogo- ;ram may be printed in eumbent position. would he so disposed thatthey would take up twiee the ordinary lateral room in the type basket;sinee eaeh character would need to be so placed on the.' type bar, thatit would strike the. platen in the proper relationship to othercharacters; that is, at one side thereof. Some of the types would haveto he double or even quadruple width, which would be iz'npractieable, orelse the sizes o all the characters would have to be redneed to anextent to be prohibitive. Anothei ditiieulty that presents itself is theapparent neeessity tor making wry many dulilieate characters. since insome cases a eonsonant or section must be printed in three. or perhapsmore, diti'erent positions upon the work-sheet. in combination withother characters. thus making it necessary to provide three or moretypebars for eaeh of such eliararters. in overcoming these ditiieulties.i have arranged to make the principal consonants, syllables. sections orcharacters of a size nearly equal to the letter-feeding movement of thecarriage; and in writing each Korean complete grouping or legogram, Ifirst print the Character or chary acters forming the first part orsection ot the logiigram, then space the carriage. and then print thecharacter or characters forming the second part of the same logogram orgrouping. Thus every character in each groupingT may have ample room,and may be of substantial dimensions, without the necessity of havingextra wide tvpes for this purpose. None of the types need to be ofexcessive width, and hence there is ample room in the ty] basket. forthem all. Moreover. the nece ty ot having the same c iaracter inditierent positions upon different type-bars is largely avoided.

In order to avoid errors through unintentional superposition ofconsonants upon consonants, or other objectionable results, the operatorneeds only to remember to operate the carriage-spacing key after eachvowel is written, whether the vowel be single or double. The carriage isnot caused to feed by the operation of the character type keys, but thecarriage feeding. mechanism is always silent, and it will feed only whena space-key is operated. In using my machine, therefore, the operatorwill touch two or three keys forming theI first syllable or part of .tgroup, the last of these keys being a vowel; and will immediately toucha space key and thus space the carriage, and will proceed to completethe group. 1f the word or logogram is long, the operator will againtouch a space-key and add another group, and so on. After the completionof the word or logogram, the carriage is spaced to produce the necessaryblank interval between the words. The types .a'institute sections of thesyllable or of the final complete character or logogram, and these typesor sections are mounted to strike at the same piinting point, so thattheir imprints would be superposed, but by iiians of said space-key arelative movement e ifecn-ii between the worksheet and the types, tocnabk` the type sections to combine their imprints to build up therequired iogogram or multiple space character.

Another feature of the invention. relates to equipping the samennichine' writing in another language. at will. as for instance, Englishor French.

Still other features and ad.:intages will also hereinafter a ppear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows the Korean consonants andvowels by means of which the written logograms.units, or groupings ofthe Korean language are i the vowels bring geni rally placed or at oneside the cniisonants, as illustrated at Fie. 2. Fi". l also shfrws somein lwriting' Korean. Fig. shows a work-s 11,-et on which are writtensome Korean logogranis; each line of writin reading from top to bottom,and the lines beirg pla ccd one at the side of another. Between thelines of writing appears a series of dashes, which are used hereindiagramniatically to indicate the letter-feeding movements of the paperfarriage, or in other words, to show the sub-divisions of the line ofwriting: from which it will be noticed that each of the consonants takesup about an entire sub-division or letter-space. Fig. Ii is a sectionalside elevation, taken about reutrally from front to rear of atyl'iewritmg machine of the Underwood style and constructed inaccordance with the present iniprovements. Fig. -t is a plan of thelfeyboard. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan of the types, nearly as theyappear in the type basket. Fig. (i is a perspective front view of theprincipal parts of the key-operated. mechanism, showing clearly thedevices for silencing the letter-feeding mechanism. Fig. 7 is a frontview of the letter-feeding or escapement dog rocker, showing t v`:itionsof the parts when Englis being written on the typewriter. Fig. 8 is aperspective rear view of the parts seen at Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a frontView similar to Fig. T, but showing the normal positions of the partsfor writing Korean. Fig. 10 is a sectional side elevation to illustratethe movement of the universal bar when the letter-feeding mechanism vissilenced by reason of the operation of one of the special all-Koreankeys when the case-shift mechanism has been shifted to upper-case orabnormal position. Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing themechanism positioned to write English words.

The Korean types 10 are connected to figure keys 11, to strike a platen12. In many respects the machine illustrated in the drawings resemblesthe well-known Underwood front-strike writing machine, the tyi'ies beingmounted upon bars 13 which are pivotcd upon a. curved fulcrum wire 14 tostrike rearwardly through a ribbon against the front side of said platen12. the ribbon. being mounted upon the usual vibrator 15, which at everykey stroke lifts the ribbon to cover the printing point and then dropsit to uncover the printing plant. driven by bell cranks 16, which havepinand-slot connections at 17 to levers 1H carrying said keys 11` thelevers being fuicrunicd at their rear ends upon a, rod 15) and havingreturning springs Q0, and being connected between their ends to saidbell cranks lo. The work-sheet 21 is seen at Fig. 3 as havingr beenplaced around the platen, and a Korean type is sei-n as striking thesame.

The Korean type characters 10 are placed rrosswise on the type bars 13,so that the type impressions upon the work-sheet 21 will appear cumbent.Said work-sheet having been inserted sidewise into the machine` as willbe explained, the impressions will therefore appear in proper positionone under another* when the sheet is taken out and The type-bars areturned around so as to bring' its top into propel' position to be viewedby the reader.

Fig. 5 showsa diagrammatic plan or projection of the types as theyappear in the type basket, the types being in the form of raised reversecharacters. as shown. 'l`he impressions made by the types are seen atFig. 1, in which figure the consonants are shown rseparately from thevowels and from the special or arbitrary characters. At Fig. 2 are seentwo lines of writing upon the work sheet 21, the right-hand edge ofwhich, it will he understood, is introduced first into the typewritingmachine, the letters heilig written from top to bottom of the sheet, butappearing while in the machine to be written from left to right.

As will be apparent from an inspection of Figs. l and 5, the consonantsusually occupy the entire width of their types, and hence occupyapproxin'iately an entire subdivision of the. printing space on thework-sheet. lt will be ntiticed at Fig. l that some of the consonantsare duplicated; certain of them being deiressed, to permit the writingof horizontal vowel marks thereover. These vowel marks are properlylocated on their type blocks for this purpose. as seen at Fig.

The vertical vowel marks may be written at the right of the severalconsonants seen at Fig. 1.

None of the character kejs l1 will effect a letter-spacing movement ofthe carriage 22 on which the platen 12 is carried: but after a consonanthas been written and its vowel then added thereto. the operatordepresses a space key 23. which feeds the carriage one space. lt will benoticed that the car riage has the usual rack il to mesh with a pinion25. which is connected to an escapement wheel QG. and that feeding digs2T. 2S control the movements of said escapement wheel. These dogs aremounted on a rocker Q9, from which depends an arm ft), in positionto beengaged by a space-key arm 31. rlihe space-key Q3 is mounted on arms 3Q.which extend forwardly from a rock shaft 33, and said arm 31 extendshack from this shaft. The letttafeeding movement of the carriageproduced b v depressing .said key 23, is therefore accomplished li'n themanner usual in typewriting machines: the arm 3l swinging up andtherocker 29 being swung to carry the dog 23 into and the dog '2T out ofengagement with the wheel 2G; and a spring 34 returning the parts tonormal positions upon the release of the key 23. thereby permitting thewheel lo to escape one teoth and the carriage 22 to feed one space.Having therefore written a consonant with its accompanying vowel to makea syllable, and then depressed the space key to feed the paper along.the operator proceeds to write the succeeding consonant and itsaccompanying vowel, to make another syllable. 1f it is the end of aword, the operator may depress the space-key 23 twice, .so as to producethe space between words. 1f, however. the word is yet inconiplete. theoperator presses the key 'ifi only once, and then proceeds to write.another consonant with its accompanying vowel or vowels. to forni theremainder of the logogram or grouping` .several examples of which areseen at Fig. lt will be seen that they characters are sulliciently largeto be legible without making the types unduly wide: and iu using themachine in this way it is only necessary for the operator to remember lopress the .space-kav 23 after every single er double vowel. 'l`he typesections all strike at the same printing point, and unless the paperwere `stepped along they could not combine to print a complete logogramor word. But said space-key moves the paper just far enough to enablethe type imprints to combine to form a single multiple-space logogram.lly making the type-sections strike at a single printing center.compactncss of the arrangement of the types in the machine is secured.More over. it becomes practicable to combine the English or otherlhenician alphabet types with the agglutinate type-sections.

'l`here .should appear a slight clear space between the sub-groupsforming the main groupings or logograms; and in order to provide forthis clearance, 1 form the tynes on a smaller pitch than would naturallyconform to the letter-spacing movements of the carriage. Preferably thetypes are made of a suitable size for writing nine characters to theinch, while the carriage is arranged to travel onceighth of an inch atcach movement: whereby the desired clearance between the sulrgroupingsis secured.

rlhe ribbon carrier lo, as usual in the l'nderwootl machine, is causedto rise at the t'vpc strokes to cover the printing point with theribbon. 'l`he type-bars have heels 35 which press rearwardly a universalbar ill?. which is formed on the forward end of a frame 37. Rising fromsaid universal har is a plate 38, having a slot Clt), in which isconfined a pin 4l) on a lever 4l, which is connected at l2 to the lowerend of the ribbon carrier 15: said lever being pivoted at 43 upon abracket 44. This universal bar frame 33T. il will be remembered. doesnot perform its usual function of operating the feed dogs 2T and 28 whenKorean characters are heilig printed, but operates only to raise andlower the ink ribbon; the usual spring l5 being provided for returningthe universal bar frame forwardly to normal position.

One of the features of invention disclosed in the drawings relates tousing the same typewriting machine for writing in either of twolanguage.` at will. 1t will be seen at Tig, 5 that each type blcckcarries English letters 46 placed longitudinally of the typebars in theusual manner. so that the letters wiil appear in their natural uprightpositions on the paper in the machine; whereby the machine is adapted toprint English as well as Korean; although not limited t0 theselanguages. ny language using the `Roman alphabet. or 1*- -r derivativeof the ihenician alphabr ould be written, as well as Korean or otherlanguage using cemposite or agglutinate characters built up by printingseveral character types one after another in various positions orgroupings before feeding the work-sheet, particularly where the liliesof writing reatl up and down the page.

The Roman characters are shown placed at the extreme tips of thetype-bars, and the ase-shift mechanism usual in the Underwtod machine isbrought into requisition to enable the Roman characters to be written.Fither of two shift keys 47, 48, may be used for this purpose;preferably the key 4S. because it is provided with a latch 49 (Fig. 11)t0 catch over a pin 50 on the shift key lever 51. to hold the same dcwnand leave both hands of the operator free for manipulating the typekeys: the latch being releasable by a handle Cach of the shift levers51, 53 has at its rear end` an upstanding arm. These arms7 designated as54, 55. engage bell crank arms 56, 57 on a platen-shifting frame. whichis hinged at to the main framework 59 of the. typewriter. These bellcranks comprise arms (E0 which are joined at their for- Yard ends by ashift rail (31. The platen 12 is mounted in a platen frame 62, which isconnected by rock arms G3 to the main carriage said rock arms extendingforwardly frtm a rock shaft (i4 in the usual manner; whereby the platenlnay shift up andy down, but is compelled to travel with they carriage.Thcplaten frame has a roll (34 to run upon said rail G1; and wlien thcrail is lifted the platen and frame `a`i f'thrown up to the, Fig. 11position, to enable the and so there is connected tothe case-shiftmechanism a shiftable device which, when the parts are in the shiftedFig, 11 position, causes the universal bar frame 37 to operA ate thecarriage-feeding dogs 27, 28. Said shiftable device is in the nature ofan interponent (Figs. 7 to 10), which is de pressed or silenced at Fig.Si while Korean is being written, but which is shifted by either shiftkey 47 or 48 up to effective positi( n (Figs. 7 and 11). At Fig. 11 itwill be seen that'said interponent is engageable by the rear edge of theuniversal frame 37 to transmit the movement of the latter' to the dogrocker, so that the dogs are caused to reciprocate at every type-keystroke. so that the 'arriage may feed after cach type is printed. Thisinterponent is fixed upon a slide (i6 which can be shifted up and downon the frcnt side of the dog rocker Q9; said slide having a slot 67 bywhich it is guided on suitable brackets G8 fixed on the dog 'rocker. Aspring (39 tends constantly to lift the interponent to the effectivepcsition at Figs. 7 and 11; and an arm 70, which projects rearwardlyfrom a rock shaft 71. is provided with a lip 7'2 to engage a lug 73projecting from the interponent slide (3G, to depress the same; theposition of the rock shaft 71 being contrclled by the platen shift rail(il, to which is fixed a depending arm 71, which has a slotted pci-tion7.3 to engage and depress an arm 76 fixed en said rock shaft 71. Thisarm 74. 75 shown at Fig. (i as holdingr down the arm 76; the parts being in position for writing Korean. and the interponent G5 being drcppedout of the path of the universal bar 37.

When the shift rail 61 rises, counterweights 77 cn arms 70 and 7G tendto cause said arms to rise; and this motion is as sisted by the spring(it) which elevates the interponcnt (S5 to the Fig. 7 position. so thatthe carriage may feed automatically while English.y Roman. Greek orother suitable lettcrs are being written: this of course making nodifference inthe operation of the space-key Q3. which is now used onlyfor upper-case or English characters to printwilie purpose of makingspaces between the principal Kcrean characters not being` able to strikethe platen at this time. The arm 44, which carries the ribben-vibratinglever 41.y is fixed to said shift rail (il to shift up and downtherewith; the bcdily shifting movement of the lever' 41 being permittcdby the length of the slot 39 in which the pin 40 works. Hence. theribbon vi brates to cover and uncover the printing point when thellnglish alphabet is being used`r as well as when the Korean charactersare being used.

\Vhen writing English, it is desirable that the carriage E22 should makeits letter-feeding movements automatically, as usual, at the depressionsof the various type keys;

words in the usual manner in writiner ling lish. Y

Special Korean character keys 78. 7.() and S0 fail to feed the carriage.not only when the platen 12 is down as at Fig 3, but also when it iselevated as at Fig. 11; because the upper-:ase as well as the lowercasecharacters on these keys are Kor am, and it is therefore desired thatthe carriage should not feed at all when either upper or lower casecharacters are being written thereby. In order to provide that thesespecial keys shall not feed the carriage when writing upper-casecharacters, each of the keys 7S` 79 and 80 is provided with a silencingmechanism, which may comprise a link 81 ltit connected at iti-t lowerend to the eorrespondlng key level', and its upper end having a Slot 542to engage a pin e' provided upon an arm Si extending rearwardly from theroek shaft 7l. llvlien the maehine is in lowercase or Korean-writingposition, these slotted links 82 ride idly up and down upon the pinsSli; but upon the parts being `@hifted to -he upper-ease poezition, thethree arms til roek up to the Fig. ll position, so that the pins 82%shift up to the top of the slots n2. This having been done. it follows`that when- Gfefr any of the three type keye` TH, T), nl) is depressed.its` arsoeiated link #il is pulled down, and thun4 rockbl down the armSi and roek shaft Tl to whieh ity is fixed, and Causes arm 7l) on SaidAahaft to hear down lug T3, and thereby pull down the slide (Sli and itsinterponent (55. This occurs before the heel 35 of the type-bar eti-ikeathe universal har 36. 'hen the universal bar is finally struck and movesbackward, the interpellent (35 is held depressed by the link il asaforesaid, and hence no motion is transmitted from the universal har tothe dog rocker 2S) and the earriage fails to feed. 'Illia permits theuse of eXtra kevs which are not neeessary for writing English. Sinceeach of these extra keys has two Korean characters thereon. it, will heunderatood that `very few ofeueh extra keys will Sulliee, so that. thekeyboard will notl be unduly enlarged, or in other words, the keys arebrought within the limit of an ordinary typewriting machine, so thatvery little change needs to be made, in the machine in order to adapt itfor writing either Korean or Iilngliah at will. The type` whieh areeonneeted to keys T8, T2), 8O are marked H5, N3, o7 at Fig. 5,

lt will he seen by eomparing the keys and the. types at Figs. 4 and 5,that there are upon the upper ease-shift several punctuation marks, andfigures and a few eliaraetera for VEnglish writing: and it will beunderstood that all of these would feed the carriage autoinairally. ltwill be alo ob- `eervedithat' the Korean eharaeteray upon the ,louperead i'xaturally` that ie., they are stand-f ing upon their feel, andappear the naine on the lieve an they do on the vertn'al line of Koreanwritin". whereas on the types the character are pla'zed in ruinlientpositions or eros-wise on the typen; or iu other words, the Korean typepoz-itioiul at lfig. 5 are at right angle:-l to the iguref, at Fig. l,for reasons: already explained,

From the foregoing it will he #een that the same maehine in adapted bothfor writing Korean eliaraelers down a page, and for wiiing linglisheharaeteix arrose a page, and the eos-,t of produeing the unn'lnne isonlv a trifle greater than the coat of produeing a machine, for writing1korean or only" linglish. Y

rlhe arrangement of the l\orean types to print at a Common eenter insuch a way that the carriage may be spaced during the writing of amultiple-Space Korean unit or sub-grouping (including several consonantsand vowels) not only permits the use of large types without undulyincreasing the width ofthe types, but also enables the rillinlier oftypes. to be kept at sueh a minimum that the same typewriting maehinemay have Capacity for a set of additional types, auch as English or thelike; and these English or other types may be placed upon the :sametype-bars or blocks as the Korean, and a case-shift mechanism may beused to print either one language or the other as required. The Englishtypes are shown as comprising an alphabet of capital letters, and thesecorrespond to the capital shift types of an ordinary typewritingmachine.

At Figs. 3 and 4- there shown a key 88, nhieh is depressed as soon asthe last logoram or sub-grouping is written in Koreaan. 'i he operationof this key causes the carriage to make two letter-feeding movements.Thus the earriage is fed not only for the last logogram or unit. butalso-for the space between the worde. lvsually when writingthe lastvowel in each sub-grouping or unit, the ordinary spaee-key 23 depressedsimultaneously with the type key; but when writing the very last cha1aeter in a unit or grouping` the key S8 is depressed simultaneouslywith the type key. Suitable meehanism may be eonneeted to the key 88 toenable it to produee two letter-feeding movementa` or double feed of thepaper carriage There is illustrated hereinl one form of surh meehanism.but any other form may be used. ln the form illustrated, the carriagemay make a eomplete feeding movement at the down stroke of the key 8H.and may also make an additional eomplete feeding movement at the returnstroke of sain key thus making two n'ioveiuents of the earriage forevery eomplete operation of said key 548. The la t-mentioned key ismounted upon a lever Si?. fillernniod at il() on the framework. andhaving a rearwardly extending arm 9i, whieh earries a pin l2 to engage a.alot 93 in an arm ll-l, whieh proieets from a 'horizontal roi-k haft 93extending aeross the maehine. Kir-ing from this roek s-.haft i5 an armfll'. having a vani JT to engage a pin M projeeting from the lower endof the dog roekel- :irm Ill), lipon depression of the key HH, the arm llrises and earries up the arm nl. thereby roeking the shaft 95 andswinging the arm fl forwardly, so that the cam il? thereon may foree upthe pin 98 and pass beneath the `:ame and elear thereof, as seen indotted linea` at liig. 3. When the apex or point oll the ram passingunder the pin 9S, the do; roeker i-unpletes one movement; and after theforwardly swinging eam passes the piu, the anual epring Si (Fig, n)returns the dog rocker and the carriage :22 feeds along. while the key88 is held down by the operator. VUpon releasing said key. a strongspring J9 i'etiirns the same and forces the cam arm 9G rearwardly; asecond rain l0() thereon now engages the same lpin 9o and again forcesthe saine upwardly. to repeat the movement of the dog rocker Zihtlielatter completing its new initial stroke as the point otl the cam passesrearwardly under the pin 9&5. 'lhe rocker 2S) then makes its returnstroke as the cani arm 96 completes its backward movement to normalposition.

Variations liiay be resorted to within the scope ot' theI invention, andportions ot' the improvements may be used withoiit others.

llaving thus described my invention I claim:

l. A typewriter for the Korean or analogous language, comprisingconsonant and vowel types all mounted crosswise so as to make thewritten characters appear in cilinbeiit positions, a carriage,letter-feeding mechanism silent during the writing of the consonants andaccompanying vowels; each ot' said consonants occupying about an entireletter-feeding space or subdivision of the writing line` and theconsonant types mounted to strike all in the saine place, so that theirimpressions would be siiperposed; and a key for feeding the carriage aletter space at a time, whereby after writing a consonant and itsacconipairving single or doiihle vowel. said space-key may be operatedto re-position the carriage to enable the writing of the saine logogiainor grouping to be completed.

2. typewriter for the Korean oi' amilogous language, comprisingconsonant aiid \owel types` all mounted crosswise so as to make thewritten characters appear in cumbent positions, a carriage,letter-feeding mechanism silent during the sitingof the consonants andaccompanying vowels; each ot' said consonants occupying about an en-'tii-e letter-feeding space or subdivision of the writing line, and theconsonant types mounted to strike all in the saine place, so that theirimpressions would he siipei'posed, a key 'or feeding the carriage aletter-spaee at a time. whereby after writini a consonant and itsaccompanying singltr or double vowehsaid space-key may he operated toreposition the carriage to enable the writing oi the same logogi'ain orgrouping to be completed. and a second key for feedingr the carriage twospaces at each opei'ation ot' said second key.

Si. typewriter for the Koi'eaii or anal ogous language. comprisingconsonant and vowel types` all mounted crosswisi\ on the type-bars so asto make the written characters appear in cui'nlient positions. keys tooperate the type-bars, a ribboirvibrating mechanism opi-rated by saidkeys at every type stroke, a carriage. letteren-ming mechanism silentduring the writing ot' the consonants and awonipanving vowels: each ofsaid consonants occupying about an entire letter-feeding` space orsubdivision ot the writing line. and the consonan` \pes mountA ed tostrike all in the same piace. so that their impressions would nesiiperposed. and a key for feeding the carriage a letter-space at atime.

4. A typewriter for the Korean or analogous language, comprisingconsonants and vowel types, all mounted crosswise on the type-bars so asto make the written characters appear in ciimbent positions, keys to opeate the type-bars, a ribbon-vibrating mechanism operated by said keys atevery type strike, a carriage, letter-feeding mechanism silent duringrthe writing ot' the consonants and accompanying vowels; each of saidconsonants (cciipying about an entire letter-feeding' space orsub-division ot the writing line, and the consonant types mounted tostrike all in the saine place, so that their impressions would besiiperposed, a key for feeding the carriage a letter-space at a time,and a second key for feeding the arriage two spaces at each operationot` said second key.

A typewriting machine having a set of Korean types and a set of Englishtypes, the Korean types being set crasswise relatively to the Englishtypes.

(i. A typewriting machine having a set of Korean typesy and a set ofEnglish types, the Korean types heilig set crosswise relatively to theEnglish types, keys for operating the types, and letter-feedingmechanism silenced when Korean types are being printed, but etr'eetivewhen English types are being printed.

7. A typewriting machine` having a Set of' Korean types and a set ot'English types, the Korean types being set crosswise relatively to theEnglish types, keys tor operating the types, letter-feeding mechanismehcctive when English types are being printed. and a ribbon-vibratingmechanism operative when either English or Korean types are beingprinted.

S. A typewriting machine havingr a set 0f Korean types and a set ofEnglish types. the Korean types being set crosswise relatively to theEnglish types, keys for operating the types, letter-feeding mechanismsilenced when Korean types are beingr printed, but effective whenEnglish types are being printed, and a rihbon-vibiating mechanismoperative when either English or Korean types are being printed: saidmachine including a kev tor eti'ecting letter-spacing movementsindependently of the type keys.

ll. A tvpewriting machiney having a set of Korean types and a set ofEnglish types, the

silenced y when Korean types are being printed, but

llLi

Korean types being set croissvvise relatively to the English typos. keystor operatingr the types. lctter-feeding.r mechanism silenced whenKorean types are being printed, but etlcctive vvhen English types arebeing' printed. a ribboi'i-vilnating mechanism operative, vvhen eitherlngrlish or Korean types are being printed; said machine including a keyfor etlectin;r letter-spacing niorenicnts iiidiaiendently ol' the typekeys. and a key for etl'cctingf tvvo lettera-'pacingmovements at eachoperati/ai thereof.

1t). typcvvriting; machine havingV a casesliii't mechanism,key-i-outrollcd types constructed to vvrite in one language at oneposition oi' the case-shift mechanism and in a dili'ercnt language atancthcr position ot' the Afase-shift mechanism, and letter-feedingiiiechaniz-'ni operable by the keys only when writing one ol saidlanguages and not the other.

li. A typewritintr machine having a Caseshilt mechanisn'i and alsohaving type-operating or controlling keys, a lctterteeding mechanism, auniversal bar operable by the keys. an intcrpinient normally betweensaid bar and said letter-feeding niechanisr'n at one position ii saidcase-shift niechiinisui. alid a connection troni the rase-shiftmechanism ivhercby the interpoiient is inetl'ective at another positionot' .said case-shift niechanisni.

12. A typcvvritingiF machine provided with `key-o1:erated types soarranged with refer- `ence to the printingr point, that consonant andvovvel types vvill strike one by the side ot another in the sainesubdivision ot the writing line, and having.:r a letter-feedingmechanism inoperable by the keys when operating; said types wherebygroupings or sub-groupings may be ctl'eeted or logograms 'written bysaid types. a key for operating said letter-feeding mechanism, a set oftypes to write a dill'ei'ciit language, and means ctl'ective when thelast-mentioned types are being,r used. t'or operating the letter-feedingmechanism at every type stroke.

13. A typewriting machine havingv a caseshit't mechanism. a group oftype-hars carrying Korean types for printing at one position ot' thecase-shitt mechanism and linglish or Roman alphabet types for printingat another position ot' the case-shift mechanism: each type-bar carryinga Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type being set in naturalposition. and the Korean type being setr erossvvise thereto or incuiubent position.

ll-i. typevvriting machine having; a caseshift mechanism. a group oftype-bars carryinpY Korean types for printing at one position of thecase-shift mechanism and English or lioiiian alphabet types forprintingBr at another position of the case-shift mechanism, eachtype-bar carrying a Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type beingset in natural position, and the Korean type being,r set crosswisethereto or in cunibcnt position. and keys connected to said type-barsand bearing both English and Korean characters.

L3. tyl'ievvriting machine having,r a casesliilit mechanism, a group oftype-bars carrying Kore-.iii types for printintcr at one position ot'the case-shift mechanism and Ciiglish or `Roman alphabet types forprinting at another position of the case-shift mechanism, each type-barcarrying a Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type beingr set innatural position, and the Korean type being set crosswise thereto or incunilieiit position. and keys connected to said type-bars and bearingboth English and Korean characters; the Korean characters being sliovvnon said keys in their upright or natural positions.

1o, A typevvriting machine having a caseshitt mechanism. a group oftype-bars carrying Korean types for printing at one position ot therase-shift mechanism and English or Roman alphabet types for printing atanother position of the case-shift mechanism. each type-bar carryingr aKorean type and a Roman type. the Roman type being set in naturalposition, and the Korean type beingr set crossvvise thereto or incui'iibent position, keys connected to said type-bars and bearing bothEnglish and Korean characters. thc Korean cliaracteri. beingY shown onsaid keys in their upright or natural positions, and letter-feedincrmechanisni etfective iii that position ot the caseshit't mechanism inwhich thc Roman alphabet /is printed. but ineffective yin the case-Shift position when the Korean types are printed.

17. A typevviiting machine having; a cascshift mechanism and providedwith different sets ot' types for ue in lith-went positions of the'ase-shift nicchai.v an, the tvpes in one set being.: arranged innatural positions, and thosel in the other set being: crossvvisethereto. whereby when using the tirst set the lines run across the pageone line under another iipon a work-sheety introduced head iii-st intothe mai iiine, and vvlien using the second set the lines run dovvn thepage bv the side of one another upon a work-sheet introducedside-foremost into the machine.

li` A typevviiting machine having a case` shift. mechanism and providedwith diti'cr-- ent sets of types for use in ditferent positions of theease-shift mechanism, the types in one set being arranged in naturalpositions,y aud those in the other set being crossvvise thereto` wherebywhen using thc set the lines run across the paci one iine under anotherupon a work-sheet introduced head first into the machine, and when usingil-Qi the second set the lines run down the page by the side ot' oneanother upon a worksheet introduced side-foremost into the machine. thetypes in the second set being.: capable of writin5 r in variouspositionsI relatively to one another to make groupings 01' logogrrams;and automatic lettcrfeedingl mechanism effective only when the types inthe first set are being printed.

1D. A typewriting machine having.r a caseshitt mechanism and providedwith dilt'erent sets of types for use in ditl'erent positions oi' thecase-shift mechanism. the types in one set heilig arranged in naturalpositions, and those in the other set heine` crosswise thereto, wherebywhen using the first set the lilies run across the page one line underanother upon a work-sheet introduced head l'irst into thc machine. and`when usiner the second set the lilies run down the page h v the side ot'one another upon a work-sheet introduced side-foremost into the machine.the types in the second set heinel `capahle of writing in variouspositions relatively to one another to make groupings or logo- ;Irams.automatic lctter-'letaling mechanism ll'ective only when the types inthe lirst set are hcin; printed. a letter-leedintlV spacekcy. and auadditional space-key having means for producing;l a douhleletter-fetalintr movement.

zo. typewriting machine havingy a sinfle .set ol' keys. a single set ot'type-hars connected thereto. and two sets ol' types on said hars; oneset heine` a lvoman alphahet with the types in natural positions and theother .set heine' a horean or analogous alphahet with thc types setcrcsswise or in cumhcnt positions uptn the hars: each ol' said keysshowing thc characters on the har to which it is connected. and hothcharacters on cach key lit-irrey in natural or upright positions.

2l. ln a typcwriting machine comprising` a case-.shift mechanism and aletter-lccdinzer mechanism. thc comliinatiln with a rihhon vilirator.ol. type-controlling key-1. a har universal to said keys operating' saidvihrator. andan interponent het wecn said har and letter-l'eedinjmechanism connected to said case-shift mechanism l'or rendering thelettertec-ding' mechanism ell'ective at one position and inell'cctive atthe other position ol said case-shil't mechanism.

2;. typcwritinzgr machine comprisingr two sets ot' types and acase-shift. mechanism: one ol' said sets oll types constructed andarranged to make groupings ol' charactcrs or loe'ograms. and cllectivewhen said cases-hilt mechanism is in one position. and the other ollsaiil sets of typcs comprising!` suhstantially thc Homan alphalic. andclicci\e when the casc-shil'l mechanism is in thil oth r position: aml aletter-feeding mechanism havin;r a shil'talle part connected to thi|case-shift mechanism to render the lettei'-l"eedingT niechanismineffective when the case-shift mechanism in the tiret-mentionedposition.

1233. l he eomhinatien otl a carriage, two sets of types. a case-shiftmechanism, a letter-feeding.;` mechanism. a universal har, aninterponent to transmit movement hetween said universal Ii'ar and saidletter-feeding mechanism. and means ccnnecting said interponent to saidcase-shift mechanism to withdraw the interponent when the caseshittmechanism lnoves to one ol its positit ns.

il. The comhination of a carriage. two sets ot' types. a case-shiftmechanism, a letter-feeding mechanism. a universal har, an iatcrpoi'ientto transmit movement between said universal har and said letter-letalingmechanism. means connecting said interpt nent to said case-shiftmechanism to with draw the interponcnt when the case-.shift mechanismmoves to one'of its positions. and a rihlaai-viln'ating' mechanismconnected to said univerral har to operate at hoth positit ns olthecase-shift mechanism.

25. The comhination ot' keys. including a special character key. typesconnected to ,-aid keys. a platen. letter-ftading mechanism. case-shiftmechanism. n ams connecting; said case-shift mechanism to saidletterteeding mechanism to silence the latter when the case-shiftmechanism is in ene o't' its positions. and means connected to saidspecial character key for silencing' said letter-feeding mechanism atthe operation of said special character key when the caseshift mechanismis in the other of its positiens.

Ztl. The comhination oil a carriage, a caseshil't mechanism. aletter-feeding mechanism. a universal har. an interponent to transmitmovement hctween said universal har and said lettcr--l'ctaline'mechanism7 lncans connectin."r said interpcnent to said case-shiftmechanism to withdraw the interponent when the case-shift mechanismmoves to one ol' its positions, and types of one language cllcctive atone and types of another language cll'cctive at another ot' thecase-shift positions.

2T. The comhination olf a platen. letterl'eeding mechanism. case-shiftmechanism. a sct oll keys including; special keys, types connected tosaid keys and coi..prising two sets. one ol' said sets ot typesccnstructed to writc the lfnelish or analogous laneuayje aml el'-l'cctivc at one positicn ol' the case-shil't mechanism. and the otherot' said sets ot types'constructed to write the Korean or analogouslanguage and ell'ective at the other position ot' said casc-shil'tmechanism, means connectingr .said casc-shil't mechanism to saidlettcr-l'cctling`r mechanism to silence llic latter whenthe case-shiltmechanism is in one ol its positions.; each ol,l 'said special keysconnected to types for writing Korean characters in both positions ofthe case-shift mechanism; and means connected to said special keys forsilencing said letter-feeding mechanism at the operation of said specialkeys when the case-shiftmechanlsm 1s in position for writing English.

28. A typewriting machine having two sets of types, keys fr operatingthe types, letter-feeding mechanism silenced when one set ot types isbeing printed, but effective when the other types are being printed,riblmn-vibrating mechanism effective when all the types are beingprinted, a single universal bar between all said keys and bothmechanisms, and an interponent connected to be made effective by one setof types only.

29. A typewriting machine having a group of keys, two groups of types,both of which sets of types are operable by said keys, andletter-feeding mechanism silenced when a'ny 'one of said keys isoperated to print a type in one group but effective when the same key isoperated to print a type in the other group.

ill). typewriting machine having two sets of types. keys for operatingthe types, letter-feeding mechanism silenced when the types of one setare being printed, but effective when the other types are being printcd;said machine including a key for effecting letter-spacing movementsindependently of the type keys, and a key for effecting twolcttcr-slnlcing movements at each operation thereof.

3l. A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and having typesfor writing in one language at one position of the case-shift mechanism,and in a different language at another position of the ease-shiftmechanism, keys tor controlling said types, letter-feeding mechanismoperable by the keys only when writing one of said languages and not theother, and a ribbonvibrating mechanism operable by the keys at alltimes.

32. A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and also havingtype-operating or controlling keys, and a letter-feeding mechanismoperable by the keys at one, positicn of said case-shift mechanism, butincperablc by the same keys at am ther positicn of' said case-shiftmechanism. a ribbcn-vibrating mechanism. a single universal bar operableby all said kevs and adapted to operate beth the leter-feeding andribben-vibrating mechanisms, said universal bar being arranged tocperate the ribbonvibrating mechanism at both pcsiticns of thecase-shift mechanism', and means cennected to said case-shift mechanismto determine when the letter-feeding mechanism shall be effective foroperation by said uni` versal har.

. A typewriting machine provided with key-operated types so arrangedwith reference to the printing point, that consonant and vowel typeswill strike one by the side of another in the same subdivision of thewriting line, and having a letter-feeding mechanism inoperable by thekeys when operating said tvpes whereby groupings or sub-groupings may beeffected or logcgrams written by said types, a key for operating saidletter-feeding mechanism, a set of types to write a different language,means effective when the last-mentioned types are being used, foroperating the letter-feeding mechanism at every type stroke, and aribbonvibrating mechanism effective when either set ot' types is beingused.

84. A typewriting machine having a casesliift mechanism, a group oftype-bars carrying Korean types for printing at ene position of thecase-shift mechanism and English or Roman alphabet types for printing atanother positicn of the case-shift mechanism, each type-bar carrying aKorean and a Roman type, the Roman type being set in natural position,and the Korean type being set crosswise thereto or in cumbent position,keys ccnnected to said type-bars and biaring both English and Koreancharacters, the Korean characters being shown on said keys in theirupright or natural positions, letter-feeding mechanism effective in thatposition of the case-shift mechanism in which the Roman alphabet isprinted but ineffective in the case-shift position when the Korean typesare printed, and a ribbon-vibrating mechanism operable by the keys inboth positions of the case-shift mechanism.

A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and provided withdifferent sets of types for use in different posi tions of thecase-shift mechanism, the types in one sct being arranged in naturalpositions, and those in the other set being crosswise thereto, wherebywhen using the first set the lines run across the page one line underanother upon a work-sheet introduced head first into the machine, andwhen using the second set the lines run down theV page by the side ofone another upcn a work sheet introduced side foremcst into the machine.the types in the second set being capable of writing in variouspesiticns relatively to one another to make groupings or logcgrams;automatic letterfeeding mechanism effective cnly when the types in thefirst set are being printed, and a ribben-vibrating mechanism effectivewhen either set of types is being used.

,36. A typewriting machine having a easeshif't mechanism and providedwith different sets of types for use in different pesitios of thecase-shift mechanism, the types in one set being arranged in naturalpositions, and those in the other set being crosswise thereto. wherebywhen using the first .sei i'he lines ran across the ingle one line anfther npon a worksheet introduced into the machine. ami when usingy ;Veinici-feeding mechanism "een the lypes in the first Set grams. amr;effective one` are beingr 'EN -=:i. a ictteni'eeiiing space key` anmiti.' ii space-key having inans l5 for profhicic;

ment, ani] a i" l' fectiye when used.

3T. A typir'wiing machine comprisingV a 20 case-shift mfc? ism,letter-feeding mechanism. a ribh vi lrating mechanism. and a singlennifcr' hat* for operating both the ictter-'i'eeihne mechanism and theribbenyibiaing; aiicnanism; said ribbo11\'ibiating 25 mechanism beingeffective for ope `ation by said universali bar at both positions ofthe. catsoshitt 'zicfianisim and said letter-feedingr merhaiii iincluding a shiftahle meniber which is directly operable by said nni- 30yersal Vbar ami is conectad to saiii case-shift mechanism to be renderedeffective for such operatici'i .i one position oi" thc cage-shiftmei'fi'iani-1 nv .im/ to he renfiereii ineti'eeiive at Abe other :tionof saiii easeshii`ty nicchie a: nisin.

Iionbie idler-feeding nloVei r-rihrating` mechanism ef- ,tiici :set oftypes is being L f. A "writ/ing machine comprisinglf tivo set:`4 typesand a ease-shift mechanism; iid .sets of i'ypes cfmstrncteii io make:fronpiaga4 oiE char- 4() o; .uw amsv and ciieeiye when saiii hifi enMarxism in one position. and

`- Roman alphabet. and effhiti'i.` inefi'ianisin is anic part connecetito "iisni to render the iet s n incii'iwtife when the '.shxii merhanmni1 in he faxer-men 5o tionrcf positiont anii iii Lori-vibratingmechanism effective at both positions of' the case-shift mechanism.

fifi The con iinriti oi" .i earriagzje. two i 'hfinise'n a ici'- if :ianiersai hanr an vainement between I iior-icefiinfl fs, ot typesa wf iinerponein io irc o? a carriage. two mechanism, a leftei'ec iiiiifmechanism. a universal bar.v :'n nterponcnt to transmit mo\e1nent 'froms: ai riniyersai bai" to sairi letter-feeding' mecha nism. means`connected to said ase-shift mechanism to render themovement-transmitting interponent ineiiectire when the aise-shiftmechanism moves to one oi' iin: positions. and a ribbon-vihratingmechanism connectedy to said universal har.

il. The combination of keys, inchniini a special character key. typesconnected to said keys. a platen` letter-feeding mecha nisni. case-shiftmechanism. means connectv ingr said casesliift mechanism to said ie'uteri'ee iin,gr mechanism to silence the iailer when the caae-shit`tmechanism is: in one oi' of its f'iositions, means connected to saiii.spe iai character key for .silencing Y :iaii Eel;- ter-i'eeiling:nim-hai'iisni at the operation of said special clniracter ke) when thecaseshitmechanism is in the other of its positions. and aribbon-vibratingr meciianisin eiiective at aii operations of all thetype keys.

4L. The combination of a carriage. a caseshift. mechanism` aletter-feedingr mechanism. a universal bar, an interponent to Transmitmovement between said universal bar and said letter-feeding mechanism`nians connecting said interponent o .said ase/shift mechanism towithdraw the inter-- ponent whei the fase-shift mechanism inoyes to oneof its positions, types of one iangfnagfe eii'eciiye at one and types ofanother iangrnagre effective at another' of the case-shift positions,and a ribimn-Vibrating mechanism eii'cctive at both po, ltions oi' thefasoshiit mechanism.

Viii. The combination of a piaten. a imiter feeding! mechanism`case-shift mechanism` a setV oi keys inchiding;r special keyrz. types;connected to said keys ami compri ing tao sits, one of said sets oftypes constrnctzai to write thc English or analogous iangm andeti'eetiye atl one position of the cm hifi characters in both positionsot' ine f. c `shi i" mecha in: means conn eicii io sai-ii epe i i L or.siiencing said letter-feedim: met h-v aniijn'i at the operation of saidpef'ai here: when he ease-shift mechanism is 'n position for "writingEnglish: and a ribbwm i hrating mechanism ei'ectiye at aii iw tion:` ofai! oi' ihe type, keys,

4i. In a tyf'pewritinaf machine` the com bicaiionji'ith a t'ai'eiingrcarriage. iiiiiereni sets of types, and a caseshift mech-.imam

for determining which set of types shall be effective, of letter-feedingdevices for said carriage, type-.operating keys, a ribbon vibrator, asingle universal bar for operating said ribbon vibrator and saidletter-feeding devices, and means connected to said caseshift mechanismfor rendering the letterfeeding devices effective for operation by saiduniversal bar in one position of the caseshift mechanism and ineffectivefor such op'- eration in the other position thereof.

i 45. In a typewriting machine for Writing,r a language of which thecharacters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of typesmounted in cumbent positions to make cumbent impressions on theworksheet, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon, a letter-feed devicefor causing said impressions to succeed one another in cumbent p0-sitio-ns alon said platen, so that the printed charactersy iave theirvertical axes parallel to the axis of the platen, and platen-rotatingmeans for line-spacing the work-sheet across said vertical axes of saidcharacters. 4G. In a typewriting machine for writing a language of whichthe characters stand upright, the combination of a series of typesmounted in cumbent' positions to make cumbent impressions on thework-sheet, keys for said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon,a letter-feeding device for causing said type impressions to succeed oneanother in cumbent positions along said platen so that the printedcharacters have their vertical aXes parallel to the axis of the platen,platen-rotating means for line-spacing a Work-sheet across saidverticall axes of said characters, and a separate set of types alsooperated by said keys adapted t0 print on said platenwith their verticalaxes transverse to the letter-feeding devices and parallel to theline-spacing movement of the platen.

47. In a typewriting machine for writing a language of which thecharacters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of typesmounted in cumbent positions to make cumbent impressions on theworksheet, kevs for said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon,a letter-feeding device causing said impressions to Succeed one anotherin cnmbent positions along said platen so that the printed charactershave their vertical axes parallel to the axis of the platen. a separateset of types also operated bv said keys adapted to print charactershaving their vertical axes transverse to the axis of the platen, acase-shift device, a letter-feeding device for said second set of types,and means operated by said case-shift device for making said last-namedletterfeeding device effective.

48. In a tvoewriting machine for Writing a language of which thecharacters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of typesmounted in cumbent positions t0 make cumbent impressions on theworksheet, keys fo'r said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon,a letter-feeding device causing said impressions to succeed one anotherin cmnbent positions along said platen so that the printed charactershave their vertical axes parallel to thc axis of the platen, a separateset of types also operated by said keys adapted to print charactershaving their vertical axes transverse to the axis of the platen, acase-shift device, a letter-feeding device for said second set of types,means operated by said case-shift device for making said last-namedletter-feeding device effective, platen-rotating means foriline-spacingthe work-sheet across said vertical axes of said characters, and aribbon-vibrating device effective for both of types.

49. The conil'iination of an alphabet or system of type-writing types, asecond system of typewriting types, the types in one system being formedintegral with the types in the other system, and the vertical axes ofthe types in one system being at right angles to the corresponding axesof the types in the other system. and means for effecting letterfemliiigmovements in a direction parallel with the aves of the types in one typetem and at right angles to the aXes of the types in the other system.

50. A tvpewriting machine constructed to write a language in which thelines of writing rundown the page` comprising an alphabet of cumbcnttypes mounted to make cunr, hcnt imprints upon the sheet, means forproducing relative letter-feeding movements between the types and thepage in the direction of the vertical axes of the cumbent types when inprinting position, whereby the types lnav follow one under another, andmeans for effecting line-feeding moven'ients in a direction at rightangles to the direction of said axes 51. A tvpcwriting machineconstructed to Write a language in which the lines of Writing run downthe page. comprising an alphabet of cumbent types mounted to makecnmhcnt imprints upon the sheet, means for producing relativeletter-feeding movements between the types and the page in the directionof the vertical axes of the cumbent types when in printing position,whereby the types may follow one under another, means fcr etl'ectinLrline-feeding movements in a direction at right angles to the directionof said axes, and keys connected to said types, said keys bearing thecharacters in upright pcsitions.

52. In a tvpewriting machine for Writingl a foreign language, thecombination of a set of type-sections of a single character, saidsections mounted to strike at the same printing point, whereby imprintsof said sections would be. superposed, and mechanism for etfectingrelative movement between the work-sheet and types to the extentnecessary to enable said sections to make their im prints in properrelative positions, to make, b v their combination, a single characterupon the worksheet.

53. In a tvpewriting machine for writing a foreign language. thecombination ot' a set o' tvpe-sections of a single character, saidsections mounted to strike at the same printing peint. wherebv imprintsotl said sections would be supcrposml. and mechanism for etl'ectingrelative movement between the ivm-k-sheet and tvpes to the extentnecessari' to enable said sections to make their imprints in properrelative positions. to make, bv their combination, a single characterupon the worksheet. said movement-elicoting mechanism being operableindependentlv of said tifpe-secticns.

54. In a tvpewriting machine for writing a foreign language employingcharacters, the combination with complete types. and sets otltypesections Jfor writing ditlerent cliaracters. said sections and saidcomplete tvpes mounted to strike in cumbent positions at the sameprinting point, wherebyv imprints ot said sections would be superposerlon the worksheet. of mechanism for effecting relative movement betweenthe worksheet and the types in the direction ot the vertical axes of theimprints. to the extent necessarv to enable said sections to make theirimprints in propel' relative positions. to make. bf.' theireen'ibinations. different cumbent characters on the worksheet.

fifi. In a tvpewriting machine tor writinl a toreifrn language employingcharacters` the combination of a svstem of types including ditferentsets ot tvpe-sections. for writing different characters, each set of'tvpesections cooperative to write a single character, the sections inall the sets mounted to strike at thc same printing point` wherebv theimprints ot' the sections` in each set would be made one upon another.and mechanism 'for effecting step-bv-step movement bet wcen thewaak-sheet and the types. the extent ot' such steirbpstep movementagreeing with the, relative disnlae\. ient which it is necessarv toproduce b"twcen the imprints ot' the sections in each set` in order toenable said imprints to combine to mak( a single multiH plc-space,complete character on the worlc sheet'- i'it'. In a tvpewriting machinet'or writingl a foreign langt-.zoe emnlovingr characters. thecombination ot a svstem ot vpes includ ing complete units and alsoincluding ditteiv cnt sets` ot' tvpescctions. for writing' ditl'eu entcharacters` each set ot t,\pesections co` operative to write a Isinglecharacter. they sections in all the sets mounted to strike at the sameprinting point, whereby the imprints of the sections in each set wouldbe made one upon another, and mechanism for ettecting step-by-stepmovement between the work-sheet and the types in the direction of thevertical axes of the characters. to cause the imprints to follow oneanother down the page, the extent of such step-bye step movementagreeing with the relative displacement which it 1s necessary toprodifce between the imprints of the sections in each set. in order toenable said imprints to combine to make ar single multiple-spacecomplete character on the worksheet. such step-by-step movement beingalso sutiicient in extent `for the letter-spacing of each ot saidcomplete units.

57. In a typewriting machine for writing `a foreign language employingcharacters,

the combination with means for holding a sheet introduced sidewise intothe machine, of a system of cumbent types including dit'` ferent sets oftype-sections for writing ditt'erent characters in cumbent positions.each set of tvpe-sections coperative to write a single character, thesections in all the sets mounted to strike at the sa me printing point,wherebv the imprints of the sections in each set would be made one uponanother, mechanism for effecting step-bv-step movement between thework-sheet and the tvpes in the direction of they vertical axes of thecumbent tvpes when in printing position. to make a line of writingextending down the page` the extent of such step-by-step movementagreeing with the relative displacement which it is necessarv to producebetween the imprints ot" the sections in each set. in order to enablesaid imprints to combine to make a single character on the worlesheet.and means for luie-feeding the sheet in a direction transverse to saidvertical axes.

5R. In a tvpewriting machine for writing foreign languages emploving aseries otl characters. the combination of types. including making aseries of ditt'erent characters` the sections in each set capable ot'producing a single character. and said sections all mounted to strike ata common printing point. in-

vderendentlv operable kev` for operating 115 said tjrpes. and a kevindependent of said levvs and tree ot' connection with anv tvpe. foreffecting relative movement between the work-sheet ano `Vpes to theextent necessari" to enable the sections in the ditlcrcnt sets to maketheir successive imprints in proper relative positions. to make. bvtheir conr binit'ions. the desired characters upon the work-sheet.

Il. tvpewriting machine constructed to 125 write a modern languagecmploving unitari' letters derived Vfrom the )henician alphabet. andalso to write an agglutii'iative or other language employing built-upcharacters. the

types in one laeguage being toi-med integral a series of sets oftvpe-sections for with the types in the other language. and the typesfor writing said characters comprising sets of tvpe-seetions mounted tostrike at the same printing point.

60. A typewriting machine constructed to write a modern languageemploying unitary letters derived from the lhenieian alphabet. and alsoto write an agglutinative or other language employing builtaipcharacters. the types in one language being formed integral with thetypes in the other language. and the types for writing said Characterscomprising sets of type-sections mounted to strike at the same printingpoint; and means for etieeting relative step-by-step movements betweenthe work-sheety and the types. for lette1'teetli11g when writing saidmodern language.

61. A typewriting maehine constructed to write a modern languageemploying unitary letters derived from the lhenieian alphabet. and alsoto write an agglutinative or other language employing built-upcharacters. the typesl in one language being formed integral with thetypes in the other language. and the types for writing'said characterseomprising sets ot typesections mounted to strike at the .same printingpoint; means operable by the type keys tor efieeting relativestep-by-step movements between the werk-sheet and the types. forletter-feeding when writing said modern language. and means for enablingsaid typeesections to make their imprints in proper relative positionson the work-sheet. to make. bv their ci mbinations. the desired eompletecharaeters` upon the work-sheet.

(l2. A\ typewriting machine comprising types tor a modern languageemploying unitary letters derived from the lhenician alphabet. and alsocomprising type-sections l'or an agglutinative or other languageemploying builtuip characters. the types in une language being l'ormedintegral with the type-sections in the other language. and thetvueseetions mounted to strike at the .same printing point. the vcrtieala.\'e-` ot the types ot' ,said VPhenician language being crosswise otlthe corresponding axe;` ot' the types` in said other language.

tl. typewriting mat-bine constructed to write a modern languageemploving unitary letters deri\ed troni the lluiiiviun alphabet. andalso to write an agglutinative or other language employing built upcharaetersthe types in ne language being lormeil integral with the tvpcsin the other language. and the tvnes for writing said charml terseoniprising sets otl tvpesections mounted to strike at the same printingpoint. means operable by the typo keys for etl'ecting relativelystepebystel movements between the worksheet and the types. torlettenfeeding when wriling said modern language. and meansl t'cr enabling said tvpeeseetie to make their imprintsl in proper reli-l epositionsr on th workfsheet. to make. by their combinations, the desiredcomplete characters upon the wo rk heet. the vertical axes of the typesof said Phenieian language being erosswise ot' the corresponding axes ofthe types in said other language.

(il. X typewriting machine constructed to writ*y a modern languageemploying unitary letters derived from the Phenieian alphabet, and alsoto write an agglutinative or other language employing built-upcharacters. the types in one language being formed integral with thetypes in the other language. and the types for writing said characterscone prising sets ot' type-sections mounted to `strike at the sameprinting point. keys for operating all of lsaid types. and meansoperable by t'ne type-keys when writing said lhenician language toeil'eet relative letter- Jfeeding movements between the work-sheet andthe types.

(S5. A typewriting machine Constructed to write a modern languageemploying unitary letters derived trom the lhenician alphabet, and alsoto write an agglutinative or other language employing built-upcharacters. the types in one language being Jormed integral with thetypes in tht` other language. and the types i'or writing said eharaeterscomprising sets otl type-sections mounted to strike at tht` sameprinting point. means for enabling said type-sections to make theirimprints in proper relative positicns on the worksheet. to make. bytheir combinations. the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet.the` \ertical axes of the types ot' said lhenieian language beingcrosswise of the correspond ing axes ot' the types in saif-llotherlanguage. keys for operating all of `said types. and means operable bythe type-keys when \\riting said Phenieian language to etl'eet relativeletterd'eeding movements between the work-sheet and the types.

titl. typewriting machine construeted to write a nudern languageemploying unitary lettcrs derived from the lhenieian alpha bet. and alsoto write an agglutinative or ether language employing luiiltfup characAters. the types in one language beinr t'ormed integral with the types inthe otner language. and the types for writing .said chaivv acters cimprising sets ot' ty'lwfsections mounted to strike at, the same point.means il r enabling said tli'ptesiu'tions to make their imprints iniiropeihrelative positions in thtI crit-sheet. to malte by theircombinations. the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet. the.vertical arves oll the types ol `said lhenieian language beingcrosswise oll the correspomling axes ot' the types in .said otherlanguage. keys'l'or operating all oi' said types. m ans operable bv thetypelieys when writing .said lhenician language to eil'eet relativeletter-feeding movements between the worksheet and the types, and

means for preventing the type-keys from etlecting` such relativemovements only when writing;y said characters.

(3T. A typewriting machine constructed to write a modern languageemployingr unitary letters derived from the Phenician alphabet. and alsoto write an agglutinative or ether language employing; built-upcharacters. the types in oi c language being formed integral with thetypes in the other language. and the types for writing:y saideliaiacters comprising sets of type-sections mounted to strike at thesame printing point. keys tor operating' all of said types. meansoperable bv the type-keys when writing' said lhenician language toett'ect relative letter-feediner movements between the werk-sheet andthe. types, and a separate key t'ree ot' connection with any type, forell'ectinglr suclr relative movements, foithe purpose ot enabling suchtVpe-seetions to build up the various ccmplete characters on thework-sheet.

(SS. A typewriting machine comprising a set of whole types for onelanguage formed crcsswise to and integral with a set ot' typesecticnsi'or another language, said typesections mounted to strike at the lsameprinting point. means tor enablingy said type,- sections to lnake theirimprints in proper relative positions onl the work-sheet. to make. bytheir combimitions, the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet.keys common to said whole types and typescctions. means operable by thetype keys when operating said whole types to etfect letter-t'eedinglrmovements. means for preventing: the type keys trom eli'ectimgyletterfeeding movements cnly when operatingr said type-sections. and aseparate key t'ree ot' connectie-n with any type-section, t'or et'-lectingf letter-feedingr movements. for the purpose et enablingr .suchtype-sections to build up the various complete characters on thework-sheet.

Vif". ln a typewritin; r machine t'or writing a foreignlanguageemploying built-up characters. the crmbination ot' a system ot'types includinrr different sets ot' type-sections, l'or writingdifferent complete characters, each set of t \f'pe-secticns cooperativeto write a single complete character, the secticns in all the setsmounted to strike at the same printing pi int, whereby the imprints ot'the sections in each set would be made one upon aiictner, keys tooperate said types, and means inoperable by said keys for effectingrtep-by=step movement between the worksheet and the types, to enable theimprints to combine to make a single multiple-space complete characteron the work-sheet.

Tl). ln a typewriting machine ter writing,r a foreign languageemploying' built-up charerf-x the combination of a system nl types .netditlerent sets ot tvpe-sei tion g for ilil'erent complete cnaracti ceci;

rating set of type-sections cooperative to write a single completecharacter, the section.- iu all the sets mounted to rltrilic at the sameprintin;v point, whereby the imprints oll the sections in cach set wouldbe made one upon another, and mechanism lfor ell'eciine stepby-stepmovement between the work-sheet and the types. to produce the relativedisplacement whieh is necessary between the imprints of the sections ineach set` in order to enable said imprints to combine to make a singleinultiplc-siaicil complete character on the wolk-sheet. said relativemovement between the, work-sheet and the typesv being' so great incomparison to the sizes of the types as to leave a slight clear spacebetween the sub-groups or syllables ot the word.

T1. In a typewritingl` machine. the combination with means fer holdin;ra work-sheet. of means tor writing); fiierc n at will in eitheragelutinative characters or lhenician alphabetical clmractcrs. saidwriting meansl comprising sets ot lurv-operated type-scctionsl mountedto make their imprints at the same printintr point. means inetlcctiuA atthe type impressions l'cr cll'ecting relative movement between the workVneet and the types` to enable said tilic-sectionto build upmultiple-space complete agglulinative characters. and also comprisingrkey-operated means l'or writing said alphabetical language upon the samework-sheet. and means operating automatically l'or ell'ecting relativeletter-tcedinj; mowinents lie- 'tween the types and the .vork-sheet whenwriting said alphabetical characters.

72. ln a typewriting nmchinethe combination with means for holding' awork-slwet. ot' means tor writing thereon at will in eitheragfjliltinative elniracters or lhenieian alphabetical clnlrin'teiw-.said writin; r means comprisingr sets ot' key operated type-scch tionsmounted to make their imprints at the same printing point` meansinetl'ective at the type impressions tor etlerting relative minementbetween the work-sheet and the types. to enable said type-sections tobuild up multiple-space complete agglutinative characters, and alsocomprisingr lwy-cperated means for writing said alpliabetical languageupon the same work-sheet, means operating automatically for etl'ecting;rrelative letter-feedingmovements between the types and the work-sheetwhen writing said alphabeti :al characters, and shiftable means vt'orbringing,r into use either said alphabetical characters or saidagglutinative type-sections to write either language at will.

73. In a typewriting machine., the combination with means for holding' awork-sheet, of means for writing; thereon at will in eitheragglutinatire characters or lhenician alphabetigal charewcis. saniwritinl;r means comprising sets et" l rated t`\,[p v-secdering theletter-feeding mechanism et'- tective. when said alphabetical types areem said aggluploycd and ineffective when being emtinative characters orsections are ployed.

T4. ln a ty'iewriting machine. the. combination with means for-hohhng awerk-sheet,

ot' means tor writing thereon at will in either agglutinative charactersor Phemcian alphabetical characters. said writing `nieans comprisingsets of key-operated type-sections mounted to make their imprints at thesame printing point, means inetl'ective at the type impressions foretfecting relative movement between the work-.sheet and the types. toenable said type-sections to build up multiple-space completeagglutinative characters. and also comprising key-operated means forwriting said alphabetical language upon the same work-sheet. shiftablemeans for bringing into use either .'aid alphabeti `al characters orsaid agglutinative type-sections to write either language at will. aletter-feeding mechanism, means controlled by said shiitable means forrendering the letter-feeding mechanism etfective when said alphabeticaltypes are employed and inetl'cctive when said agglutinative charactersor sections are being employed. and means effective \vhen,any ot' saidalphabetical or said agglutinative types are employed for interposing aribbon between the types and the papel' at the. printing strokes.

75. 'l`he combination with .sheet-holding means. type-operating keys.letter-feeding mechanism operable thereby. and ribbonvibrating mainsalso operable by said keys. ot shiftable meansl for rendering saidletterfeeding mechanism inoperative at all the type-key strokes. and akey tree of connection with all of the types for cth-cting lctteifeedmovements.

Tb. ln a ty '.'writing machine. nation with means of means for writingthereon in either an agglutinative language or a modern alphabeticallanguage, comprising sets of keyoperated type-sections mounted to make.their imprints at. the same printing point` means 'or effecting relativemovement between the work-sheet, and the types, to

the combienable said types to build up multiple-space completecharacters, and key-operated means for writing said alphabeticallanguage upon said work-sheet. Y

7T. In a typewriting means, a set of type blocks having thereon twosystems of types, one of said systems being alphabetical and based onthe Phenician alpl'iabet, and the other of said systems comprisingsections ot complete characters of an agglutinative language. one o said.sections on the same type-block with each of said Phenician alphabettypes. and all of said sections mounted to strike at. a common printingpoint.

T8. ln a typewriting machine, a set 0f type blocks having thereon twosystems of types. one ot' said systems being alphabetical` andV based onthe llienician alphabet, and the other of said systems comprisingsections of complete charm-ters of an agglutinative language. one ofsaid sections on the same type-block with each of said Phenicianalphabet. types. and all of said sections mounted to strike at a commonprinting point, in combination with means for effecting relativemovement between tions and the work-sheet. to enable said sections tocombine to build up the required characters on the work-sheet.

79. In a typewriting machine, a set of type. blocks having thereon twosystems of types. one of said systems being alphabetical and based onthe Phenician the other of said systems comprising sections of completecharacters of an agglutinative language. one of said sections on thesame type-block with each of said Phenician alphabet types. and all ofsaid sections mounted to strike at a common printing point` incombination with letter-feeding devices operable at will independentlyof the types` for etiecting relative movement between the type-secticnsand the, worksheet. to enable said sections to combine to build up therequired cha acters on the \vorkslu et. and means operable automaticallyat the imprints ot' said Phenician alphabet types. for etlecting therequired letter-feeding movements Sii. A\ typewriter for a foreignlanguage comprising means to hohl a work-sheet,

and alsol comprising means to write the characters ui. n saidwollt-sheet. said writing means being so constructed that theworlt-slwet must be inserted sidewise into the machine. said writingmeans and said work-sheet holding means being relativelv so mounted thatthe characters will be printed upon said sheet in cumbcnt positions. andsaid machine also comprising letter-feeding means constructed to effectrelative movement between the work-sheet and the printing means to causethe head of each successive character to succeed the foot the type-secofthe preceding character. so that when a sheet withdrawn from the machineand turned around to bring the characters to normal upright positions,the lines will read down the page.

Sl. A typewriter for a foreign language comprising means` to hold awork-sheet, and also comprising means to write the characters upon saidwork-sheet, said writing means being so constructed that the workH sheetmust be inserted sidewise into the machine, said writing means and saidworksheet holding means being relatively so mounted that the characterswill be printed upon said sheet in cumbent positions, and said machinealso comprising letter-feeding means ccnstructed to effect relativemovement between the work-sheet and the Rrmting means vertically of thet ipeS. to cause the head of each successive character to succeed thefoot of the preceding character, so that when a sheet is withdrawn fromthe machine and turned around to bring the characters to normal uprightpositions the characters will appear as letter-spaced vertically. sothat the lines will read down the page: said machim` also includingmeans for effecting a relative line-spacing movenient between thework-holding means and. the printim means in a direction sidewise of thework-sheet.

82. In a typewriting machine. the combination with cumbent types and aplaten. of a carriage. and means for letter-feeding said carriagevertically of the types. so that the types print one below another in aline extending from left to right. with the result that when the sheetis removed from the machine. the operative will read the line writtenfrom top to bottom with the sheet turned at right angles to thedirection in which it was written on said sheet.

83. In a typewriting machine having a kevboard. the combination with aplaten and cumbent types mounted for printing thereon in a manner tomake the imprints appear in cumbent positions to the operative at thekeyboard, a carriage. means for letiewfeeding said carriage verticallyof the types. to cause the cumbcnt devices priiited bv said types (insaid platen to follow one below the rther, and line-space devices forcausing relative movementl bctweenqsaid platen and the printing point inadirection laterally of the types7 to cause successive lincs of writing.when removed from the machine and turned to their natuial positions. tobe readable beginning at the upper right-ham] corner and readingdownwardlv. cach lino in succession after the on next to the rightthereof.'

Si. In a machine for writing in an agglutinaiive tanguage.- theccnibination with a ci' kof.' operated cumbcnt type sec,- saldiyposections mounted to strike escapement therlor,

in the same place, of a carriage. means in dependent of saidtype-sectiins for letterfeeding said carriage in a directionlcngitudinal of the axes of the types, whereby the type impressions willbe letter-spaced one under another on the work-sheet. and a key foreffecting a double letter-feed movement cf the carriage. so as tosimultaneously effect spacing of a type-section and securi a blank spacebetween words.

85. In a typewriting machine, the combi-- nation with a traveling(,'arriage and an escapement therefor, of a shiftable device for makingsaid escapement etfective. a cascshift' mechanism, and means connectedto be operated by said case-shift mechanism for making said shiftabledevice effective.

8f3. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paperholder. of an escapement therefor, including a rocker provided with anextension. printing means, a rock shaft provided with an arm engageablewith said extension both during the forward and the return movements ofthe shaft to impart a double movement to the rocker. and a key connectedto said shaft to operate the same.

HT. In a typewriting machine. the combinaticn with a movable paperholder, of an escapcment therefor. including a rocker provided with anextension, printing means. a pair of separate rock shafts each providedwith an arm engagcable with said extension to operate the rocker. one ofsaid arms being adapted to shift said extension both during the forwardand the return movements of the corresponding rock shaft to impart adouble movement to the rocker. and a key imlividual to each rock shaftto operate the same.

88. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paperhclder, of an es-capement therefor. escapement-o1erating means. ashiftable member between said escapement and said operating means to control the effectiveness of the latter to oper ate the fermer. meanstending to normally honl said shiftable member in etfective positionwith relation to said operating means. a rocking element for moving saidmember into ineffective position, and means for actu ating,r saidrccking element.

89. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paperholder, of an esca|)ement-operating means, a shil'table member betweensaid cscapcmeiit and said operating means to ccntrol thc effectivenessof the latter to operate the former. means tendingvto normally hf'ldsaid shil'table member in ellcctive position with relation to saidoperating means. a rocking clement having an arm engagcabie with saidshi'i'tabie member to deA press the saine into incll'cctiic position.and means Hfor actuating said rocking clement,

